How Much Do You Know About Adenomyosis? Try These Questions

• Have you experienced severe, prolonged menstrual cramps and heavy bleeding?
• Do you feel pelvic pain or pressure even when you’re not menstruating?
• Has your menstrual cycle suddenly changed, becoming unpredictable or more painful?
• Has your healthcare provider ever mentioned an enlarged or tender uterus?
• Are you familiar with adenomyosis and how it differs from other uterine conditions?

If these questions raise your curiosity or concerns, keep reading to learn about this common but often misunderstood condition affecting many women globally.

What Is Adenomyosis and Why Should You Care?

Adenomyosis is a gynecological condition where the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). This causes the uterus to become enlarged and often leads to painful, heavy periods and chronic pelvic discomfort.

Unlike endometriosis, which occurs outside the uterus, adenomyosis remains within the uterine walls. The condition affects women mainly in their 30s and 40s, often coexisting with other disorders like fibroids or endometriosis. It can significantly impact quality of life, causing fatigue, anemia from heavy bleeding, and pain during daily activities.

Global and Regional Insights: Trends in Adenomyosis

Globally, awareness of adenomyosis is expanding thanks to advances in imaging technology such as MRI and 3D ultrasound, which allow more precise diagnosis. Prevalence estimates vary from 5% to 70% depending on diagnostic criteria and study populations.

In South Asia, adenomyosis is frequently underdiagnosed due to limited access to advanced imaging and overlap of symptoms with other common uterine conditions. Research indicates increasing diagnosis with urbanization and healthcare access improvements, but rural areas face ongoing challenges of awareness and resources.

Sri Lanka follows similar patterns where adenomyosis is recognized as an important cause of chronic pelvic pain and heavy bleeding in women, yet many patients receive treatment only after significant delays. Expanding specialist services and educating primary care providers remain priorities.

Recognizing Symptoms and Making Diagnosis

Typical symptoms include:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding and prolonged periods
• Severe menstrual cramps and pelvic pain
• Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
• An enlarged or tender uterus feeling upon examination
• Occasionally, infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss

Diagnosis commonly requires imaging beyond pelvic ultrasound, with MRI providing detailed uterine anatomy and differentiating adenomyosis from fibroids. Invasive procedures like biopsy or hysterectomy confirm diagnosis but are usually reserved for refractory cases.

Treatment Options: Finding Relief and Regaining Life

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and fertility desires:

• Medical therapies: Hormonal treatments including oral contraceptives, progestins, or GnRH agonists help control pain and bleeding. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide symptomatic relief.
• Conservative surgery: Techniques to remove adenomyosis tissue while preserving the uterus may help women wanting pregnancy.
• Uterine artery embolization: Minimally invasive procedure to reduce blood flow to adenomyotic tissue, less invasive than surgery.
• Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus remains definitive for severe, refractory cases where fertility is no longer desired.
  Lifestyle measures, such as stress management and exercise, also help improve quality of life.

Empowerment Through Awareness

Women experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain should seek evaluation without delay. Speaking openly with healthcare providers and understanding treatment options improves outcomes.

Healthcare systems globally, and particularly in South Asia and Sri Lanka, should invest in training imaging specialists, promoting early recognition, and ensuring access to advanced diagnostics.

Conclusion

Adenomyosis may be common, but it doesn’t have to control your life. With growing awareness, better diagnostics, and personalized management, women can reclaim comfort, health, and confidence.

Your symptoms matter—early diagnosis and compassionate care make all the difference.

References

• ACOG Committee Opinion on Adenomyosis, 2025.
• International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Global Adenomyosis Review, 2024.
• World Congress on Uterine Disorders, Imaging Advances, 2025.
• South Asia Regional Women’s Health Report, 2025.
• Sri Lanka Ministry of Health, Women’s Gynecological Health, 2025.
• National Institute of Women’s Health, Lifestyle and Symptom Management, 2024.